Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These highly fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that arise from their inherent structure and surface chemistry. The tunable size, shape, and composition

Quantum dots (QDs) are quantum nanostructures with unique optical and electronic properties that make them highly desirable for a variety of applications. However, their full potential can be further exploited by tailoring their surfaces to achieve specific functionalities. Surface modification allows for the introduction of functional groups or li